The Birth of the Gods in Homers Odyssey - 1548 Words

The Birth of the Gods in The Odyssey Prehistoric man did not question his existence and reality - he just lived as one with nature. When prehistoric man awakened from this simple existence into the world of intelligence, he began to question his existence and reality. Homer’s The Odyssey demonstrated man’s attempt to cope with their own nature through the illusion of the gods, by using them to carry their burdens of hopelessness, helplessness, and fallibility. The characters of Homer’s The Odyssey struggled with the ineffable reality of the world, therefore they created gods that could carry the burden of their hopeless quest for understanding. The characters created by Homer, because of their intelligence, were finally†¦show more content†¦This sense of control through appeasement helped Homer’s characters cope with their helplessness and carry on trying to survive. Through the personification of the forces or in other words gods, Homer’s characters helped themselves feel more connected with both mortal and immortal worlds. Humans straddled two worlds, that of the animals and that of the gods. Homer’s humans came from the world of the animals a world of a non-questioning existence, and these humans were striving to reach the world of the gods in which lay the understanding of their inconceivable existence. By personifying the governing forces of both animals and humans, Homer’s characters were creating a link to both animals and gods, for the ...[gods’] power is over all(140) . The gods helped the characters in The Odyssey feel comfortable with their position in between two worlds. The belief in polytheism not only linked gods, humans, and animals but also justified people’s contradicting prayers to the gods, and the differing outcomes of these prayers. Naturally different characters had different needs, therefore each person’s prayers to the gods differed, but there could be only one outcome. Homers people in an attempt to understand these contradicting outcomes invented the idea that for each different desire there was a different god, and when two contradicting prayers where made, two different gods decided the outcome. In The Odyssey, this idea of contradictingShow MoreRelated Essay on Names in The Odyssey and The Bible1634 Words   |  7 PagesImportance of Names in The Odyssey and The Bible      Ã‚   Two of the most widely studied ancient works are Homer’s Odyssey and the book of Genesis from the Bible.   Each of these texts provides a unique viewpoint of an early civilization.   In both of the texts, one can learn not only stories about great heroes, but also about the way that these peoples lived and what they believed.   Many interesting parallels can be drawn between the two developing societies shown in the Odyssey and the book of GenesisRead More A Comparison of Homeric Formalism in The Iliad and The Odyssey1339 Words   |  6 PagesHomeric Formalism in The Iliad and The Odyssey Much that is terrible takes place in the Homeric poems, but it seldom takes place wordlessly... no speech is so filled with anger or scorn that the particles which express logical and grammatical connections are lacking or out of place. (from Odysseus Scar by Erich Auerbach)    In his immaculately detailed study comparing the narrative styles of Homer to those of the Bible, Erich Auerbach hits upon one of the most notable intriguesRead More Contrasting the Gods in Homer’s Odyssey and the Biblical Book of Exodus2494 Words   |  10 PagesContrasting the Gods in Homer’s Odyssey and the Biblical Book of Exodus Many authors have employed the religious beliefs of their cultures in literature. The deities contained in Homer’s Odyssey and in the Biblical book of Exodus reflect the nature of the gods in their respective societies. Upon examination of these two works, there are three major areas where the gods of the Greek epic seem to directly contrast the nature of the God of the Israelites: the way problems are solved, the prestigeRead More The significance of female characters in the progressof Homer’s novel1279 Words   |  6 PagesThe significance of female characters in the progressof Homer’s novel The Odyssey Women are very important figures in Homers The Odyssey. Athena and Penelope are the two primary examples. They help Odysseus in his travels in many ways through the story. They keep the reader interested so that they keep reading to find out what will happen next. Throughout the novel, they appear in many different forms. In this epic, several female characters had a profound effect on the plot. They wieldedRead MoreWomen in Homers Odyssey, Joyces Ulysses and Walcotts Omeros1682 Words   |  7 PagesWomen in Homers Odyssey, Joyces Ulysses and Walcotts Omeros      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This essay explores the role of women in Homers Odyssey, James Joyces Ulysses (1922) and Derrick Walcotts Omeros (1990), epics written in very different historical periods.   Common to all three epics are women as the transforming figure in a mans life, both in the capacity of a harlot and as wife.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     In Homers Odyssey, Kirke, represents the catalyst who encourages Odysseuss transformation into a matureRead MoreAchilles Vs Odysseus Research Paper1216 Words   |  5 Pagessemi saintly birth. Achilles was stimulated by fame and rage; the outcome of that is when his cousin was killed by Hector. During the Trojan war, Achilles was appointed to ships and commanders, which caused a combat between him and Telephus. Telephus ended up getting wounded, but the only way that he could be healed if the person who injured him saved his life. This is where Achilles accepted his command, this act was one of a hero; he is one of the most prominent warriors of Homer’s lliad. His munificenceRead MoreOrigins And Background Of Greek Mythology And Superheroes1571 Words   |  7 PagesWoman and Greek Mythology. Women Write About Comics. N.p., 13 May 2014. Web. 28 Mar. 2017. Many tales in Greek mythology concern the lives of heroes, who rank somewhere between men and gods. They were stronger and braver than other men and achieved great deeds, but they lacked the magic or supernatural powers of the gods and their deeds were accomplished by the use of human characteristics- courage, strength, and endurance. Some had a divine parent and might be called demigods, while others had humanRead Moreodysseus and achilles1072 Words   |  5 PagesGreek mythology believed there was a recipe for a mortal man to claim immortality, and have a name that echoes throughout the ages. The ingredients can be found between the two very popular mythical figures of ancient Greece, Odysseus from Homer’s â€Å"The Odyssey and Achilles from his other timeless story, â€Å"The Iliad†. This document will relay the commonalities shared through tragedy, and revenge, along with the contrasting characteristics of personality, methodology in combat and, endured hardshipsRead MoreThe Odyssey Books 1-4: Notes Essay1547 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿The Odyssey Books 1-4: Notes due Friday 1/10 (3/5) and Monday 1/13 (2/4) An Uncertain Identity Prince Telemachus is the first human character whom the reader meets. He is the son of the long-missing Greek warrior Odysseus, King of Ithaca. Telemachus is too young, too untested, too unsure to have a firmly established sense of identity. Having grown up fatherless in a household full of insolent men who are besieging his mother and consuming his inheritance, he feels totally powerless. The goddessRead MoreCan’t Change Fate Essay1709 Words   |  7 PagesOdysseus, the main character in Homer’s â€Å"The Odyssey†, uses his brain more than his strength when he is faced with an obstacle. Odysseus is known as a man of â€Å"twists and turns†; his supreme physical strength is secondary to the strength of his mind in â€Å"The Odyssey†. Throughout the story, Odysseus relies on his smarts, rather than strength to overcome each obstacle. He has the essential qualities of a Heroic leader such as being brave, strong, noble, mighty, but instead his intelligence makes Odysseus

The Effects of HIV Related Stigma - 790 Words

For nearly three decades, the world has struggled to control the HIV/AIDS epidemic. The fact is that poor understanding of the related issues of stigma, discrimination and denial has hampered national and international programs. (3,4,5) HIV/AIDS is not merely a medical problem, but a social problem as well (1). Stigma and discrimination are as central to the global AIDS challenge as the disease itself. (2) HIV-related stigma and discrimination can be described as a devaluating process of PLWHA where discrimination is enacted stigma comprising unfair treatment of PLWHA () and it is most debilitating for already marginalised populations () Combating HIV stigma in health care settings: what works? Laura Nyblade*, Anne Stangl, Ellen Weiss and Kim Ashburn Stigma and discrimination can result in negative health outcomes for PLWHA. Although there are many layers of society where discrimination occurs, this study focuses on the healthcare context. It is the healthcare facilities where the PLWHA discover their HIV status, can get information about the prevention and care, and receive treatment. Therefore, it is particularly important to study HIV/AIDS related stigma and discrimination faced by PLWHA in this setting. Studies report that SD predominantly occurs in the healthcare sector and is the most commonly reported by PLWHA (Mbwambo, 2003). Health care settings are reported to be the most significant contexts for stigma and discrimination in India() Studies have reportedShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of HIV Related Stigma841 Words   |  3 Pagesinequalities at all other levels involved in this study. Stigma refers to attitudes or beliefs about what is socially unacceptable expressed through discriminatory, or unjust, behaviors that produce feelings of shame and self-stigmatization (MANET+ 2012; AVERT; Pebody 2012). This causes social exclusion and it can undermine the success of community-based responses, reducing the life chances of stigmatized individuals. The extent of stigma is difficult to measure as it is experienced in differentRead MoreThree Types of Stigma Related to HIV1133 Words   |  5 Pages(1963) defined stigma as any condition, attribute, trait, or behavior that is deeply discrediting and reduces the bearer from a whole and usual person to a tainted and discounted one. . Stigma consist of an attributes that marks people as different leading to devaluation. Stigma is socially constructed (Major O’Brien, 2005) thus is dependent both on relationship and context. In fact, Goffman (1963) emphasized using the â€Å"language of relationships† (p. 3) when considering stigma. A subsequentRead MoreThe Epidemic Of Tuberculosis, Kenya, Uganda And The Democratic Republic Of The Congo1665 Words   |  7 Pagesremains one of the main social barriers to cause hospital delay and effective compliance to directly observed therapy. Goffman, E (1986) describes stigma as a perspective of extreme disapproval towards and person or group of people that is perceived to have deviated from a norm of society. Weiss (2001) elaborates and states that TB can portray an effect of being ostracised, as there is a fear of getting infected. Dodor, E, Afenyadu G, (2005) impose that stigmatisation can have a consequence of peopleRead MoreHiv/Aids Stigma and Discrimination1338 Words   |  6 PagesCepeda Social Psychology HIV/AIDS Stigma and Discrimination Strayer University November 19, 2011 Internationally, there has been a recent resurgence of interest in HIV and AIDS-related stigma and discrimination, triggered at least in part by growing recognition that negative social responses to the epidemic remain pervasive even in seriously affected communities. Yet, rarely are existing notions of stigma and discrimination interrogated for their conceptual adequacy and their usefulness inRead MoreStigma And Its Effects On Society Essay1666 Words   |  7 PagesThe term stigma was originally described by Goffman as a devalued or undesirable social attribute that arouses negative feelings and subsequently causes the individual to become side-lined or excluded from social relationships (Goffman, 1963). Stigma involves â€Å"exclusion, rejection, blame, or devaluation resulting from experience or reasonable anticipation of an adverse social judgment† because of a particular condition (Weiss and Ramakrishna, 2006 pg 536). According to Link and Phelan (2001) pgRead MoreThe H iv / Aids Social Problem863 Words   |  4 Pagesanalyze the HIV/AIDS social problem. The conflict theory is simply a theoretical approach that views social problems based on conflicts between two or more groups. In addition, society is divided by social classes which are confrontational, competitive and attempt to exploit one another to gain social status and power. This division can be related to racial and ethnic inequalities, which is often created by prejudice and bias. When we directly evaluate this theory as it relates to HIV and AIDS, itRead MoreStigma Of Hiv And Aids918 Words   |  4 PagesDecember 1st, 2015, which followed Charlie Sheen’s recent disclosure of him being HIV-positive, revealed sad realties about society’s relations to HIV and AIDS. So it seems opportune that this paper shed some light on the issue of stigma in relation to HIV and AIDS. This paper supports the notions that although stigma around HIV status has come a long way since its incept ion as an infectious disease in the 1980s, HIV stigma has not yet come to an end. As Sheen outlines â€Å"It’s a hard three letters to absorb†Read MoreThe Prevalence Of Hiv / Aids1532 Words   |  7 PagesIndividuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) are living longer lives and changing the perception of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. There has been extensive research conducted on high risk groups for HIV/AIDS but little has been done to research and address the social aspect of aging and HIV/AIDS. It is important to have a more conclusive understanding of HIV/AIDS in the aging population due to the climbing rate of new infection among older AmericanRead MorePhiladelphia Movie Review1571 Words   |  7 PagesPhiladelphia Prepare a critical analysis of the movie Philadelphia (1993). Ensure that you address the following: * Myths and stereotypes about homosexuals and people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) helped to propel his dismissal from the firm? * Prejudice, discrimination, oppression, and institutional discrimination. * Include analysis of any additional issues for gays and lesbians such as legal empowerment, violence against them, coming out, ethnicity, and AIDS. * Suggest strategiesRead MoreTypes Of Discrimination And Discrimination1729 Words   |  7 Pagesless favorably by the employer simply because of his or her HIV status. For example, rejecting a job application because of employee HIV infection or excluding an HIV-positive employee from the company pension scheme because of an assumption that he or she would draw on it early. (6) The law also protects people who are discriminated against because they are associated with a person with HIV (for example, the partner of a person with HIV). Furthermore, it protects employees or potential employees

Testimony Bible and Jesus Christ Free Essays

string(32) " correlation to the Holy Bible\." Instead, we are to remain in Christ so that He can in turn live n us and live out His life through us. As I meditated on today’s scriptural reference, I stared at some roses sitting In a vase, and it came to me. Many of us have become like roses. We will write a custom essay sample on Testimony: Bible and Jesus Christ or any similar topic only for you Order Now Stay with me†¦ Before the roses made their way into the vase, they were grafted into a vine; alive and vibrant. But someone went out and broke them off and wrapped them nicely together so that they looked pretty. For a few weeks. He roses striver to stay alive and maintain their pretty color; they worked overtime to bring pleasure to the owner, but eventually they began to wilt and whither away until they eventually succumbed. They just could not survive for too long without the vine, the true source of their strength. Many of us have become like roses sitting in a vase trying to please God, and we may even be experiencing something called spiritual burnout. This is a syndrome that causes us to be tired, bored, and unsure of what to do next In order to please God or If everything we had been doing was what we were actually called to do. Are you spiritually burned out? God is calling you to come back to Him, the true source of your strength. He is telling you today, don’t live to seek my approval, instead, ‘abide in me and I will abide in you. The difference between a Christ-babbling life and a Christ-approval seeking life Is the reason behind the things they do. A Christ-approval seeking life says I am going to pray and do good deeds because I want to please God. On the other hand, a Christ- abiding life says, Christ lives in me and so I pray and do his will; I no longer live for myself but for Him. What kind of Christian are you? Do not let your fate become Like that of the roses in the vase. Abide in Him, and He will abide in you. Remain In Helm! In 1984, I was a student in Korea at a theological seminary . Along with a group of Bible Society educators, they were showing a movie called â€Å"God Makers. † It was very negative film against the Book of Mormon, Mornings, and the prophet, Joseph Smith, Jar. It was truly false teaching based on the incorrect lessons taught by the â€Å"God Makers. However, I believed the movie on its face value that the Book of Mormon must be a grand design conspired to develop an American pseudo-Christian cult. I wrongly believed that it is better for me not to see it, not to touch it, not to feel it, not to taste it, and not to smell it. Nevertheless, I did not have peace concerning the Book of Mormon. I was restless. I had to investigate it by myself on my own initiative. I truly wanted to test and try if the Book of Mormon was not true as it was discussed in the classroom by the participating audience as mentioned below: MORONIC 10:3. Behold, I would exhort you that when ye shall read these things, if it be wisdom in God that ye should read them, that ye would remember how merciful the Lord hath been unto the children of men, from the creation of Adam even down unto the time that ye shall receive these things, and ponder it in your hearts. MORONIC 10:4. And when ye shall receive these things, I would exhort you that ye loud ask God, the Eternal Father, in the name of Christ, if these things are not true; and if ye shall ask with a sincere heart, with real intent, having faith in Christ, he will manifest the truth of it unto you, by the power of the Holy Ghost. MORONIC 10:5. And by the power of the Holy Ghost ye may know the truth of all things. Surely, I dint have peace until I investigate by myself on my own. Because, before I knew any thing about the Book of Mormon, I have had I tasted it and proved it on my own. Likewise, I wanted to test and try the Book of Mormon on my own initiative. There was no any human help to assist me. Little did I know that it was the Holy Spirit that was leading and guiding me all the way. The longing in my heart grew day by day. And the desire to know and to taste the contents of the Book of Mormon never left me. For the Psalmist said. â€Å"Oh taste and see that the Lord is good; blessed is the man that trustees in him† (Psalm 34:8). And our Savior said, â€Å"And ye shall know the truth, and the truth shall make you free Cohn 8:32). No body gave me any Book of Mormon but they told me it is a cultic and heretic book and don’t worry about it. However, I prayed again. The Spirit of God told me from the Scripture of the Bible: Try the spirits whether they are of God (1 John 4:1; Czech. 13:9; and 1 These 2:4). They thought that they have squelched my longing to read the Book of Mormon. But I cereal out to my In prayer gall. Ana ten split AT Go spoke to me tongue ten Scriptures in the Bible. â€Å"Beloved, believe not every spirit, but try the spirit whether they are of God because many false false prophets are gone out into the world† (1 John 4:1). Finally, I got a Book of Mormon by the angel of God in the answer of my tenacious prayers. When I got it, it was all corroborative to the Bible. I tried to find if there is any mistake from the Spirit and the Power of Holy Bible. But I got nothing on negative correlation to the Holy Bible. You read "Testimony: Bible and Jesus Christ" in category "Papers" Rather, it was all complementary and supplementary to the Bible. The more I read the more closer I got to grow in Christ. I read from cover to cover with a great appetite. It really gripped my heart to brim me to the fullness of Gospel of restoration. Every time I was reading, I was praying with all trembling and fears. He was restoring my soul. My cup of the heart was running over. I was thriving n the Spirit and knowledge of God. I never decreased in my faith with the Lord Jesus Christ. Rather, I grew up stronger and stronger in the power and vigor of the Lord. Before I left Korea, I bought many copies of the Book of Mormon. I would fly to Nepal with the restored gospel of Jesus Christ. I would give to others freely, for Jesus said, â€Å"†¦ Rely freely you have received, freely give† (Matthew 10:7). However, I was detained by one of the airlines agent because of excess baggage. I gave her all of the money that I had to pray for the chase of excess baggage but I was still short. I pleaded with her saying â€Å"l am carrying the restoration gospel to save the lost at any cost. † But what I was said fell in deaf ears. They did not hear any thing. Then, my flight was fully canceled. Then Satan whispered in my ear, â€Å"Leave all of these Book of Mormon boxes in trash. Then, you will fly to your house instantly. † But I answered him saying, â€Å"Get thee hence Satan. My Lord Jesus Christ in the the Book of Mormon is true! † Satan wanted me to fall back into hell with him. He tried so hard to try my faith again. He even misinterpreted the Scripture in Matthew 1 1 Inspired Version and/or King James Version Matthew 1 1:28. Satan told me to leave my load or my burden as well as my labor with the Book of Mormon. Again, I rebuked Satan vehemently by saying, â€Å"Get thee hence Satan! † I would not turn away from my belief in God and the Book of Mormon. A very sweet peace came over me and took control of my heart. I knew that my God the Almighty Living One and the Holy One of Israel would solve my problem. I remembered how the faith of the Brother of Jarred was so powerful that mount Serine was removed. Likewise, in my heart and my soul, I garnered that same faith also . I took the baggage to a corner of the room. I knelt down and began supplicating my Lord in humility. â€Å"Heavenly Father, if the true gospel restores into thy heaven, please allow me to fly with these books of Mormon as it contains thy everlasting gospel. I Ana no sooner Sal a tense words, when sensually someone Deanna me sake are you doing here? † I replied: â€Å"l am praying to the heavenly Father the God Almighty if I can take His gospel baggage into Nepal. He asked: â€Å"Are you a Nepal man? † I answered: â€Å"Yes my friend. † Then he spoke with me in Nepal language. He said: â€Å"I do not want you to be embarrassed. I want you to fly with your gospel books. † Then he paused and said: â€Å"Why did that lady at the counter stop you? † I said: â€Å"Because I did not have e nough money to pay for the excess baggage. † He asked: â€Å"How much money do you really need? † â€Å"Just $85,† I said hopefully. Encouragingly, he replied: â€Å"It is not a problem. So let us go to the counter. † He paid the dues and assisted me to fly with the everlasting gospel to Nepal. Thus and therefore, I bear this testimony that the Book of Mormon is a true and it came forth by the power and authority of true and living God. Is it were not so, I won’t eave had an instant answer to my prayer at the airport in Korea. I prayed in faith and God answered my humble prayer immediately. He performed a miracle right before my eyes. Perhaps, the man whom God sent could have been angel. By this time, I am blessed by reading the Book of Mormon. Consequently, we translated this Book of Mormon into Nepal language also so that many will have restored life and gospel abundantly. And I saw another angel fly in the midst of heaven, having the everlasting gospel to preach unto them that dwell on the earth, and to every nation, and kindred, and tongue, and people. Revelation 14:6 HOW I AM SOLD OUT TO JESUS I was born in Hinduism highest caste. My father and forefathers were Hindu high priests In ten Royal Palace AT Nepal ten only Haul Oklahoman In ten world B although I first worshipped Krishna and studied the Veda, Gait, and several Hindu scriptures and labored diligently in the Hindu religion, I felt strangely empty of truth. I saw quickly that the Hindu religion with its emphasis on Karma and the endless cycle of reincarnation was not an answer to eternal life. I searched to find one true God. My quest took me from Hinduism to Buddhism, Lanais, Jansenism, Shinto’s, Salamis, Schism, Taoism, Judaism, and all kind of religions Beside the religions, I have studied palmistry, astrology, soothsaying, hypnotism enchanting, snake charming, magic, necromancers, psychic reading, and all of the various offerings of idolatry, but found-them all deadly and wanting. Still I didn’t know about the life giving gospel of Jesus Christ. Finally after Studying in Nepal and India, I founded a Holy Bible and began to study about Jesus Christ in 1980. I discovered the truth of Jesus that I am not righteous Just because I was born a Brahmins. In fact, I was sinner. Then I discovered that Jesus is loving and forgiver of sins and His reward is eternal life. I found Jesus in my heart when I knelt down and prayed confessing as sins and by asking His mercy and power of blood to clean my sins away. THUS, I accepted Jesus as my personal savior on May AS, 1981 without any human help. Then, I knew I didn’t choose Him but He chose and ordained me to teach His truth. After my discovery of Jesus and His truth, I was disowned by my parents because of my conversion from Hinduism high profile priesthood caste to Christianity. On July 27, 1989, I was visiting to a hospital where my father was declared to die any minute due to lung cancer. I got a chance to speak about Jesus to has. He heard the message so well. He believed the Word of God â€Å"Arise, take your bed, and go home. Then, he left the hospital trusting in the Lord completely. Then, he broke down all the Hindu idols in the house and in temple. Thus, he never died of cancer. He is still alive. Then, by a continuous praying, love, faith, and by studying the truth–my mother, brothers, and sister also believed Jesus Christ as their personal Savior. Thus, me and my house continued serving the Lord Joshua 24:15). In t he result, many of our gibbers and relatives also believed gospel one by one. Then, God’s work was started by opening new fellowships in Nepal. I searched Scripture daily poring over the words that became life unto life. I took advanced evangelical training in Singapore and studied theology in Korea. I represented Nepal in International Conference for Itinerant Evangelists at Amsterdam which was sponsored by Billy Graham Association in 1986. Beside this, studied advanced Greek and Hebrew to translate Bible into Nepal language. It took three and half years to transmits the Bible. Consequently, I had to face prison cause of Bible translation into Hindu people’s national language, Nepal’. How to cite Testimony: Bible and Jesus Christ, Papers

Business Writing Shareholders and Investors

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Writing for Shareholders and Investors. Answer: Introduction: Every human has a social responsibility towards it is the environment. Similarly, corporate social responsibility means the common and social responsibility that any corporate society should have. CSR is a healthy process of interaction with their business operation, with their own employees, shareholders, investors, customers, local communities, and government. The main aim of CSR is how to solve the social and environmental issues that are facing by most of the corporate society and to make the environment suitable related to all people of the company. Time is money for every corporate sector. But if the environment is sick, there is no meaning to spend more time for development and profit. The reputation is a major property for a corporate sector to attract shareholders and customers but the reputation not only depends on their process of work but also on CSR. The employees are the main property of any corporate sectors to give them suitable healthy environment. CSR means to take social and environmental responsibility of the companys effect on the environment and social wellbeing. To focus on some eco-issues like climate change, improve the quality of the life of the people in local communities, donating money to a good cause are also properties of CSR (Phillips and Freeman 2010). Employees always want to be connected with that corporate sector that provides them the good environment and by which they can feel proud to be connected. Strong record of CSR helps the company to connect with more customers. If customers like the company then they will prefer to buy more and more products of that company (Gill 2012). CSR also provides corporate sectors a good advertisement platform. By CSR program a company can reduce their total cost of investment in different plots. By managing potential risk and the liabilities, recycling wastage product, less investment in the advertisement, one company can reduce their cost (Kwang-Seok Lee and Jonghak Weon 2011). Advantage: Now a day's every company should aware of the law of environment. So they should take care of the issues that are harmful to environment. Any company takes an action to reduce environmental issues and they have to think how to get more benefit without affecting the environment. Recycling of waste product is the best policy to do so (Dudov 2013). A business company that makes excessive noise vibration always effects its employees and the surrounding community. So by reducing noise both the employees and the surrounding peoples get relief and can pay more attention to the work. By developing CSR program more people, shareholders, customers and employees will be aware of the company's image. The clean image will help the company to attract more investors, more customers, and good employees. So the cost of traditional advertising will cut down (Hunnicutt 2009). The cost to find best employees will be reduced. Investors will be automatically attracted so no more campaigns are needed. Employees always want to be connected with such a company by which they can feel proud and which help them to work in a good environment. So the positive attitude helps the company to pay more attention to work. Customers like to see the companies related to engaging in some charity work and some social welfare program (Heemsker, 2007). But it doesn't show instant result but creates a good image to force the people to think about the company. Disadvantage: The major disadvantage of CSR is that sometimes it effects on both cost and products. It is quite impossible for a small business company to allocate a fund for CSR program. By CSR program company has to use most affords a good manufacturing machine which not harmful to the environment so it cost more than harmful one (Corporate Social Responsibility 2016). To use natural sources is eco-friendly but it needs a one-time investment which is not always possible for all kind of companies. The target of any corporate sector is to get the benefits high. So the executive manager who is engaged deal with benefits is always not capable of doing so. Because of having some social responsibilities and due to environmental issues sometimes executive have to make the deal in the low benefit that is effect their business policy. Sometimes such like executives and manager lose their job. Timing is also a big problem (Basu and Basu 2011). When a companys financial condition is low and investment policy is near about to an end then it is not possible to maintain all the CSR program of previous. So when they will reduce the schedule of CSR program, it will effect in both the customers and investors mind. Conclusion: In recent days people are more conscious about the environment. So CSR in the most important in the corporate world to make a clean image about the environment in people mind. CSR is such like a program that helps both the company to make their reputation and the environment keep balance. The main purpose of this article is to aware the corporate society about the need of CSR program. Many companies confused to decide what step should to take for social responsibilities without affecting their benefits. CSR program is the keyword to get reputation and benefits for some company but some small companies are too much worried about this issue too. CSR program helps companies to make a clean image, helps to get more active employees, large investors. But some small company cannot afford the fund to run CSR program. The main goal of any company is to get effective workers and workers also want a company with a good reputation and environment. So if a company focus more to keep the working environment good automatically the issue will be solved. Investors and customers also seek for a well-reputed company which is engaged in some social activities and which also care about the environment and surrounding community. CSR is the key to success to achieve all above needs. But it is a big problem too for small companies due to insufficient fund. So they can solve these issues without any costing by communicating and consulting with some social media and some big corporate sectors. References Basu, D. and Basu, G. (2011). Corporate Social Responsibility Program of Pepsico India:A Unique Agro-Based Csr Model.Acta Hortic., (895), pp.45-49. Corporate Social Responsibility. (2016).IJSR, 5(1), pp.1829-1831. Dudov, I. (2013). Social Investment as a New Paradigm of Social Policy.Danube, 4(3). Gill, F. (2012). Practicing environmental responsibility: local and global dimensions.Social Responsibility Journal, 8(1), pp.21-32. Heemskerk, E. (2007).Decline of the corporate community. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. Hunnicutt, S. (2009).Corporate social responsibility. Detroit, MI: Greenhaven Press. Kwang-Seok Lee, and Jonghak Weon, (2011). A Study on Welfare Contradiction (Welfare Paradox): Centered on the Project Hope (a public work program).socialwelfarepolicy, 38(4), pp.55-81. Phillips, R. and Freeman, R. (2010).Stakeholders. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.

Biogenesis theory of disease Essays

Biogenesis theory of disease Essays Biogenesis theory of disease Essay Biogenesis theory of disease Essay Why is biogenesis important for the germ theory of disease? Are they mutually exclusive or highly dependent on each other? The germ theory of disease is the theory that microorganisms are the cause of specific diseases, and the theory of biogenesis claims that living cells must come from other living cells. Biogenesis is important for the germ theory of disease, and the two are dependent on one another. Microorganisms, which are microscopic living cells that are bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, microscopic algae, or viruses, can  reproduce, and are the cause of disease. These living microorganisms will invade anything that they can live on, (such as food, animals, plants). With this being said, these microorganisms are invading live cells, and reproducing, which can then cause disease. Who first suggested that the use of aseptic techniques would have a profound effect on the contraction of human diseases? In your answer, be sure to describe this effect. Aseptic technique, which is still used today, is a procedure that is  preformed under sterile conditions to prevent any contamination from microorganisms. Joseph Lister, an English surgeon, first applied this technique and encouraged this in surgery, and for medical procedures to keep from transmitting infection to patients. Lister applied the germ theory to medical procedures, as he was aware that physicians were not properly disinfecting their hands, and were transmitting infections from one patient to another, (Tortora, Funke Case ). Aseptic technique is practiced today in the medical field to keep  patients from infection. By using sterile equipment and applying this technique, we are protecting patients from microbial contamination that could potentially harm them. Reference: Tortora, Gerard J. , Berdell R. Funke, and Christine L. Case. The Microbial World and You. Microbiology: An Introduction. Boston: Pearson, 2013. Print.

Business Proposal for the Launching Commercialisation of Tropical Health Drink

Business Proposal for the Launching Commercialisation of Tropical Health Drink Business Description Since it was founded in 2005, Tropical Coffee House (TCH) has become one of the most preferred small-sized establishments for people who like to blend unique leisure experiences with the art of healthy living. Headquartered in London, TCH operates several other outlets in Essex, Kent and Surrey in line with its core mission of taking memorable experiences and quality services to the customers’ doorstep.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Business Proposal for the Launching Commercialisation of Tropical Health Drink specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More TCH has enjoyed huge popularity among young and working class high-end customers who enjoy spending for quality and experience, rather than quantity and price leadership. TCH is embedded in a family business model, although it has over the years shed off the family tag by recruiting professionals based on merit and engaging in efficient manageme nt of key resources to remain competitive in today’s dynamic markets (Sirmon Hitt 2003). TCH offers a wide range of products and services, which include blended coffee, diet-sensitive burgers and hotdogs, organic and fruit concentrate health drinks, cakes, sauna baths and gym facilities. Most of its existing products and services are priced at a premium to penetrate the upper-end consumer market segment which remains substantially underrepresented in most European markets. Recently, the company’s management undertook customer satisfaction surveys and found that most high-end consumers are attracted to health drinks prepared using â€Å"high protein† and â€Å"natural† products (Jacobsen 2015). Having seen this as an opportunity for growth, the company’s management and selected beverage professionals have been working on the formulation of a product that uses â€Å"high protein† and â€Å"natural† ingredients to develop a high-value h ealth drink. These efforts have produced a new product known as Tropical Health. TCH has also seen the need to blend the new product with different natural flavours (e.g., orange, strawberry, lemon, vanilla etc) to provide consumers with choices and enhance diversification (Barett, Balloun, Weinstein 2000).  The main objective of this business proposal is to demonstrate how Tropical Health will be launched into the market and also to seek for financial and managerial support from potential backers. Investors in the industry might want to know why TCH is keen on diversifying its health products at the expense of more traditional products such as blended coffee and diet-sensitive burgers. The truth of the matter is that contemporary consumers have become more health-conscious and available literature demonstrates that there is a huge market for products developed using high protein and natural ingredients (Jacobsen 2015). Business Opportunities Potential Customers Tropical Health w ill target high-end, health-conscious consumers who have the means to sample the best that the market has to offer. The company is targeting customers who want to spend their money on innovative products that provide substantial health benefits in spite of their premium cost. This market segment is substantially underutilised in the United Kingdom (U.K.) as most companies in the sector target low and middle-class consumers.Advertising Looking for proposal on project management? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Consequently, the targeting of this consumer market will enhance customer value by assisting the company to fulfil the needs of this particular segment. It will also assist TCH to become more popular and to develop a reputation for its Tropical Health brand, hence creating competitive advantage (McMillan 2013). Geographical Area TCH intends to launch Tropical Health in its London establishment, although there is a possibility for expanding into other outlets in Essex, Kent and Surrey depending on initial demand. London has a wide range of high-end customers due to its reputation as a business and commercial hub. Additionally, the city is densely populated and is also known as the preferred destination for international conferences that bring together moneyed delegates from all over the world (Lewisham Business n.d.; London n.d.). As such, potential investors should realise that TCH has a high potential to succeed in launching its high-protein health drink due to city’s population dynamics, socioeconomic endowment, and reputation as a global business hub. Business Competitors Although the U.K. experiences high competition in the health drinks industry (Creating New Choices 2014), only a few companies specialise in the production of fleshly squeezed juice with 100% fruit content equivalent. Some hotel establishments such as The Ivy, River Cafe, Cibo and Fat Boys are known to provide v arious variants of fruit juice and health drinks to high-end consumers within London and its environs. Most of these competitors have a huge capital base and have been in operation for a long time. However, research demonstrates that these competitors rely on organic and energy-boosting ingredients to make their health products despite the fact that health-conscious customers are increasingly being attracted to high-protein health drinks (Jacobsen 2015). This strength serves to guarantee potential investors and managerial professionals that, although the competition for the health drinks market in the U.K. may be stiff, there are still areas that can provide excellent opportunities for growth if TCH becomes keen on exploiting prevailing consumer needs and expectations (Stokes Wilson 2010). Marketing Strategy Costing and Pricing Launching a new product often occasion managerial challenges due to difficulties in setting the appropriate costing and pricing budgets (Luan Sudhir 2010). TCH has identified how products with similar attributes have historically responded to the variables of costing, as demonstrated below. It is important to note that pricing of the new product will be premium-based not only to recover costs but also to achieve alignment with intended target customers.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Business Proposal for the Launching Commercialisation of Tropical Health Drink specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Table 1: Costing for Tropical Health Cost Description Amount Fixed costs Costs that TCH must pay irrespective of the quantity of the health drink produced or sold (e.g., rent, insurance, advertising/promotion) â‚ ¬260,000 Variable costs Costs that fluctuate directly with the level of business activity or sales, such as raw materials costs, production costs, and labour costs â‚ ¬550,000 Total â‚ ¬810,000 Sales Projection Based on the previous sales of T CH’s organic health drinks, it is estimated that the company will sell â‚ ¬1.5 million worth of Tropical Health in the first two years of production. Sales are projected to grow at 30 percent annually for the next three to six years. Potential investors might query how these figures have been formulated. It is important to note that the estimations are based on the ready market for high-protein health drinks (Jacobsen 2015), as well as the actual sales realised by TCH in its organic health drinks segment. Marketing Plan Product: Tropical Health fulfils customers’ needs due to its immense health benefits. Place: TCH intends to use its main outlet in London as the preferred distribution channel for launching the new product. However, depending on demand, TCH will use its other establishments to reach a wider customer base and projected sales objectives. Price: Tropical Health will be priced at a premium as it targets high-end consumers. Although the price of the new p roduct will be determined by factors such as production costs, market share and target customers, the underlying justification is to price it at a premium to achieve product and customer differentiation (Barett et al. 2000). Promotion: TCH will use viral marketing and word-of-mouth to advertise the new product with the view to not only differentiating it from competitors but also developing a good relationship with customers (Barett Weinstein 2015). It is important to satisfy potential investors by underscoring that the preferred promotional tools are cost-effective and easy to use (Barett et al. 2000; Luan Sudhir 2010).Advertising Looking for proposal on project management? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Business Operations Operational Function Although TCH operates under a family business model, it has six professional managers with wide experience, master’s level education, and other key competencies in entrepreneurship. The company has adopted an innovative management style, whereby work-flows are results-oriented and senior manager always strive to develop new and better ways of doing things (Benfari 2004; Armstrong 2009). TCH intends to use competitive recruitment to hire three more food and drink specialists to assist it in blending high-protein natural ingredients for use in the new product. Competitive recruitment will also be used to hire two senior managers and several support members to oversee the commercialisation of the new product. Most managerial decisions are made through consultation, though a few important ones must be sanctioned by TCH’s founder. Finally, managers and employees are compensated and rewarded based on education, responsibilities, and i ndividual productivity. Products and Services Offered TCH can be termed as a small enterprise interested in the provision of premium-priced products and services (e.g., blended coffee, diet-sensitive burgers, health drinks, cakes, sauna baths and gym facilities) to lock into the high-end market segment. Tropical Health product will be a new addition to the company’s staple. The new product is intended to satisfy an emerging market for high-protein and naturally blended health drinks (Jacobsen 2015). Personnel TCH utilises Mintzberg Five Parts of an Organisation model to not only recruit employees into respective areas of the business, but also to ensure alignment of human capital between and among the sections. This model will be utilised in the development, launch and sale of the new product. The five parts include (1) the operating core which is responsible for performing the basic work of developing the new product by securing inputs, processing them and arranging for the product’s distribution to customers, (2) the strategic apex which is responsible for formulating and implementing strategies that are designed to facilitate the achievement of organisational objectives, (3) the middle line managers who are responsible for linking the strategic apex to the operating core by managing information flows up and down the hierarchy and by coordinating the work of junior staff, (4) the techno-structure which consists of food and drinks specialists who are responsible for setting the standards relating to work processes, outputs and skills, and (5) the support staff who are responsible for providing back-up services to other components of the organisation (Quader 2007; Armstrong 2009). Finances Revenues It is expected that the launch and commercialisation of Tropical Health will bring approximately â‚ ¬1.5 million in sales revenues within the first two years of business. TCH’s organic-based health drinks brought â‚ ¬800 million in profits within the first two years, implying that the new venture is bound to impact positively on the company’s bottom-line. Going by the high demand for high-protein, naturally-blended health drinks in the market today (Jacobsen 2015), it is anticipated that the sales revenues for the new product may surpass â‚ ¬2 million within the first two years if senior management adopts an effective marketing mix and if the company serves a wider geographical reach (Barett Weinstein 2015). These sales revenues justify why potential backers should consider investing in the launching and commercialisation of the new product. Expenses Fixed and variable costs for the launching and commercialisation of Tropical Health product are around â‚ ¬810,000. If provisions for unforeseen expenses are made, it is correct and justifiable to argue that all expenses for the launch and commercialisation of Tropical Health will not surpass the â‚ ¬1 million mark. These expenses are viable for a small business enterprise that wants to make it big in the high-end consumer market. However, financial and managerial support is needed from potential backers to offset these costs and spur the product line into profitability. Financial Projections Owing to the prevailing high demand for high-protein, naturally-blended heath drinks not only in London but also in other major cities in Europe (Jacobsen 2015), it is expected that the sales revenues for the new product will grow at annual rate of 30 percent for the next three to six years after the launch of the new product. It is projected that TCH will be able to attract potential investors, who will finance all activities related to the new product for the next 12 to 24 months in return for a 10 percent stake of the product’s net revenues for the next five years. Alternatively, potential investors may undertake a 50 percent equity financing in return for a 5.5 percent stake of the product’s net for the next three years. Thes e arrangements are critical in helping TCH to expand its product offerings to other areas and outlets within eight to twelve months after launch with the view to becoming a market leader in the provision of high-protein, naturally-blended health drinks to the high-end consumer segment. Reference List Armstrong, M 2009, Armstrong’s handbook of human resource management practice, 11th edn, Kogan Page, London. Barett, H, Balloun, J Weinstein, A 2000, ‘Marketing mix factors as moderators of the corporate entrepreneurship-business performance relationship: A multistage multivariate analysis’, Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, vol. 8 no. 2, pp. 50-61. Barett, H Weinstein, A 2015, ‘Corporate entrepreneurship, the marketing mix, and business performance’, Proceedings of the Academy of Marketing Science, vol. 46 no. 1, pp. 144-150. Benfari, RC 2004, Understanding and changing your management style, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA. Creating new choice s: The 2014 UK soft drinks report 2014, britishsoftdrinks.com/write/mediauploads/bsda_annual_report_2014.pdf. Jacobsen, J 2015, ‘2015 new product development outlook’, Beverage Industry, vol. 106 no. 1, pp. 56-65. Lewisham business growth strategy 2013-2023: Strengthening Lewisham’s economy by creating growth and local jobs n.d., https://www.lewisham.gov.uk/mayorandcouncil/aboutthecouncil/strategies/Documents/LewishamBusinessGrowthStrategy2013-2023.pdf. London: A destination guide for associations n.d., http://cdn.londonandpartners.com/cvb/files/LP%20Association%20Directory_Interactive.pdf. Luan, YJ Sudhir, K 2010, ‘Forecasting marketing-mix responsiveness for new products’, Journal of Marketing Research, vol. 47 no. 3, pp. 444-457. McMillan, J 2013, The importance of market segments, mcmillantech.co.uk/articles/MarketSegments.pdf. Quader, MS 2007, ‘Human resource management issues as growth barriers in professional service firm SMEs’, Journal of Services Research, vol. 7 no. 2, pp. 115-161. Sirmon, DG Hitt, MA 2003, ‘Managing resources: Linking unique resources, management and wealth creation on family firms’, Entrepreneurship: Theory Practice, vol. 27 no. 4, pp. 339-358. Stokes, D Wilson, N 2010, Small business management and entrepreneurship, 6th edn, Cengage Learning, Boston, MA.

Admissions essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Admissions - Essay Example Moving in and out of state and having to go to different towns and strange places because we could not seem to attain permanence in keeping a ruined family, I eventually dropped out of high school and got my GED yet managed to obtain a hairstylist license after attending a beauty college. These were the times it occurred to me how real and excruciating the world could get at receiving various criticisms and discriminations from several people that it almost led me to bitter mistrust and disillusionment. In the process, however, I also learned to be flexible in dealing with different types of people and defend a good cause whichever side it is. My self-confidence even increased when I worked as a flight attendant for fourteen year, spending fifteen years in total in the airline industry which had taught me beyond the value of customer service. Sincerity of personalized service and letting people in general know how much you care specifically at instances when injustice is prevalent, is such a rewarding experience. My first marriage at the age of eighteen lasted a brief span of a year and a half while my present marriage has fortunately struggled forward with a partner who is fourteen years my senior. Relationships have by far enabled me to stretch my patience and find significant worth in listening and understanding an individual prior to raising any unnecessary arguments. I realize that besides holding good set of reasons to drive myself in asserting the most justifiable points, there is actually more to seeking to first heed the other person’s concern and settle the issue with both sides accounted for. Despite pregnancies and difficult times of getting on and off with school since 2005, the desire to pursue law studies does not cease and I particularly prefer specializing in family law and work on the area associated with juveniles. Knowing how tough and delicate this is in

Change management final assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Change management final assignment - Essay Example Change has become imperative to manage the dilapidated financial system. It has become more urgent to necessitate change because of organizational changes happening at the facility. The administration model had changed from direct provider of services to managed care organization (MCO), requiring funding for patients. Under the new model, budget is decided by the state on the strength of patients attended by PBH. Technology can prove instrumental in bringing efficiency, as manually processed transactions are time and resource consuming. Currently, PBH is being managed on IBM AS/400 server. It lacks integration with the software that is being used. There is nothing like automation. The start up accounting functions need full IT back up. Data synchronization is not possible. All data has to be entered manually on billing and payment, created in the care management software and entered into HTE, the financial managing software on the AS/400 system. It takes a lot of more time of the employees, resulting in productivity loss and recurring chances of feeding wrong data. Accessing information from the HTE system is time-consuming, taking extra time in report generation. Lengthy reports are hard to customize and channelling the right information to the related staff is arduous. It is draining the limited IT resources at the command of PBH. Taking note of the problems being faced at work, the PBH team has finally selected Microsoft ® Gold Certified Partner InterDyn – Artis to implement Microsoft Business Solutions –Great Plains ® software, which is a part of Microsoft Dynamicsâ„ ¢ as its business management solution. Microsoft Dynamics is a provider of integrated, flexible business management solutions that an organization can rely on to make responsible business decisions with greater surety and guarantee of success. Microsoft Dynamics functions like known and trustworthy Microsoft software like Microsoft Office, which means less need to learn on the

Shakespeare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Shakespeare - Essay Example Since Desdemona belongs to this society, Iago successfully redirects Othello’s suspicion towards her. Othello subconsciously supposes that Desdemona is one of the members of the society that would rather enslave him, if he did not have the military skill. As a result, he thinks that Desdemona could betray easily because of his racial inferiority. So, in a sense, his respectable position in the white society is also the platform of his own destruction. Indeed Iago knows this the race-induced anxiety of Othello’s mind very well. Therefore, he successfully manipulates it to bring about his destruction. The following speech of Othello is quite emblematic of his inferiority-induced distrust for Desdemona: This fellow’s of exceeding honesty And knows all quantities, with a learned spirit, Of human dealings†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Haply, for I am black And have not those soft parts o f conversation That chamberers have, or for I am declined Into the vale of years—yet that’s not much— She’s gone, I am abused, and my relief Must be to loathe her.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Look where she comes If she be false, heaven mocked itself. I’ll not believe ’t. (Shakespeare Act III, Scene iii 257-278) In this soliloquy, Othello expresses his wavering belief in his wife Desdemona’s chastity. ... He compares himself with other courtiers who are civilized and well-conversed than he is. He also touches on another possibility that Desdemona might cheat on him because he is old. But immediately, he dismisses such possibility and retains his earlier assumption that Desdemona might have betrayed him because of his race. But at the end of this soliloquy he reasserts his faith in Desdemona: â€Å"If she be false, heaven mocked itself./ I’ll not believe ’t.† (Shakespeare Act III, Scene iii 257-278) Here one thing is vividly remarkable that Othello never doubts Iago’s rumor. Throughout the whole play, it seems that he hears and believes Iago’s words without any much question. Even more, he attests that Iago is an extremely honest man who has a deep insight into human nautre, as he says, â€Å"This fellow’s of exceeding honesty/ And knows all quantities, with a learned spirit, / Of human dealings† (Shakespeare Act III, Scene iii 257-278). In this regard one may ask why a wise general fails to question Iago’s integrity and whether Iago is expert enough to deceive the experienced general. Indeed there is no doubt that Iago is an expert manipulator. Though as an experienced general Othello should have questioned Iago prior to doubting his wife, he fails to do so because he might have been blindfolded partly by the fact that Iago belongs to the white society for whom he nourishes a sense of revere from the very starting of his free life in it. But he is mainly blindfolded by his distrust for the society. Though he never condemns the society directly, he holds himself his racial status responsible as an inborn sin or guilt of him. Such racial inferiority complex makes him insecure in the face of Iago’s manipulation. In a racially-fragmented society, Othello have

Conflict between Freedom and Determinism

Conflict between Freedom and Determinism Freedom, Determinism Responsibility Instructions Demonstrate an understanding of the underlying conflict between freedom and determinism and the various options for resolving that conflict. Demonstrate my own thinking about the problem, must show that I have made a determined effort to grapple with the problem. Essay is written for a cold audience; theyre smart, but they have no prior knowledge of what Im talking about. Try to organize your essay so that each part of it builds up a defence of your position. Introduction The idea that human beings exercise free will seems commonsensical; that is, we understand that when we act, we were capable of acting otherwise than we did. It may come as a surprise to hear that this is actually a hotly contested claim, and it has been subjected to philosophical scrutiny for thousands of years. The position that I will be defending is called hard determinism, a view that up until several months ago, I was blissfully unaware even existed. Hard determinism is the view that humans exist within the causal loop of the universe, that our actions are inextricably bound to the laws of nature. It proposes that human behaviour is caused by an individuals personality, desires and values, but that their personality, desires and values are caused by external antecedent factors over which the individual has no control. These factors can range anywhere from genetic predisposition to their upbringing to the cultural norms of the society they happened to be born in. In short, hard determinism rejects the notion of human agency. The objective of my paper is two-fold: 1) To make the argument that the thesis of determinism does not undermine our every day conceptualization of the will, but simply proposes an explanation for the cause of what we call moral behaviour. 2) To make the argument that the thesis of free will and moral responsibility does not cohere with the thesis of determinism; or in other words, to attack the compatibilist/soft-determinist view. Different interpretations of determinisms truth exist. So I guess here I would outline specifically what the different views of determinism are, just like that dudes paper LOL. I would identify mine and elaborate on the arguments. This definition admits a â€Å"will† or a desire-that-produces-action, but it admits no â€Å"free will† or free desire. Libertarians subscribe to the notion that human actions are uncaused and undetermined. They operate on the premise that humans are capable of originating acts, initiating a sequence of events, self-governing and thus we are independent of natural causal chains. Clearly formulate and explain the position you hold. In order to defend your position of hard determinism, I need to undermine their defence of freedom. Libertarians attack determinism by making a case for the exceptions theyre pointing to. Their only point of attack to make a case of their counter example; I need to prove their counter-example is not true. You can point to the sorts of suppositions that libertarians are making about human beings. Question the plausibility of those suppositions; the idea that were autonomous, the idea that we exist somehow outside of the causal loop. I also argue against the claim of human uniqueness held by Libertarian philosophers, so look at Chisholm and look at Lewis, who kind of touches on that. Libertarians argue that humans are capable of originating acts, initiating a sequence of events, self-governing and thus we are independent of natural causal chains. Libertarians maintain that freedom and moral responsibility are logically incompatible with determinism. They believe that for humans to be free, there must be some instances, fundamentally, human action, which are not the effects of causal antecedents. But if this were true, then the human will must be subject to a special kind of explanation. Libertarians seem to support partial determinism, which suggests a break in the ongoing process of cause and effect. For instance, history is not characterized by a linear progression, whereby one cause produces certain effects and so on ad infinitum. Instead, life can be described as a vast tree with an infinite number of branches, which divide into numerous possible directions. Yet, for human action to transcend causal determinism one of two possibilities must be fulfilled: i) events themselves must be uncaused and therefore random, or ii) particular events must be causi sui (the cause of itself). Refuting the compatibilist/soft-determinist poses more of a challenge, as they share common ground with a hard determinist. Outline the main points and objectives of my paper and establish which of the 3 classical positions I hold. In this case, it is hard determinism. As such, I seek to prove that the thesis of free will does not and cannot cohere with the thesis of determinism. I also argue that the thesis of determinism does not undermine our every day conceptualization of the â€Å"will,† it simply â€Å"proposes the source of what causes us to fall back on moral behaviour.† Then why do we act morally? Because it is evolutionarily useful for us to do so. Ruse says that true morality developed over time evolutionarily. Talk about monkeys nigga lol. Well see how that works out. For both of the following paragraphs, draw specific arguments from the readings, explain those arguments in my own words, critically assess the arguments and make clear why you accept or reject those arguments. Its harder to defend yourself against soft determinism. Give the main argument or arguments in its defence. State as clearly and forcefully as you can the main objections which would be raised by those holding the other positions. So here I can explain libertarianism and soft determinism. Rebut those objections. Libertarians argue that humans are capable of originating acts, initiating a sequence of events, self-governing and thus we are independent of natural causal chains. Libertarians maintain that freedom and moral responsibility are logically incompatible with determinism. They believe that for humans to be free, there must be some instances, fundamentally, human action, which are not the effects of causal antecedents. But if this were true, then the human will must be subject to a special kind of explanation. Libertarians seem to support partial determinism, which suggests a break in the ongoing process of cause and effect. For instance, history is not characterized by a linear progression, whereby one cause produces certain effects and so on ad infinitum. Instead, life can be described as a vast tree with an infinite number of branches, which divide into numerous possible directions. Yet, for human action to transcend causal determinism one of two possibilities must be fulfilled: i) events themselves must be uncaused and therefore random, or ii) particular events must be causi sui (the cause of itself). Human independence in the strong sense for our lives to be meaningful and important. How do you hold people morally responsible in a deterministic world? Focus on the deliberative process; theres no compulsion or constraint, then were freely deliberating and thus can be held morally responsible. Libertarians often worry about â€Å"objective worth.† Look at Kane in Fischer. Its true that all of our behaviour is causally determined. Look at Widerker and how he talks about how youd act if there was an announcement that the universe is deterministic. Would you feel like your life is meaningless? A third argument for incompatibilism was formulated by Carl Ginet in the 1960s and has received much attention in the modern literature. The simplified argument runs along these lines: if determinism is true, then we have no control over the events of the past that determined our present state and no control over the laws of nature. Since we can have no control over these matters, we also can have no control over the consequences of them. Since our present choices and acts, under determinism, are the necessary consequences of the past and the laws of nature, then we have no control over them and, hence, no free will. Opposition to determinism promotes that without belief in uncaused free will, humans will not have reason to behave ethically. Determinism, however, does not negate emotions and reason of a person, but simply proposes the source of what causes us to fall back on moral behavior. Anyone susceptible to immoral actions from the idea of determinism was susceptible before and does not hold strong moral judgment prior to the idea. Determinism implies the moral differences between two people are caused by hereditary predispositions and environmental effects and events. Simply because the cause of a persons morality (depending on the branch of determinism) is not entirely themselves, this does not mean determinists are against punishment of people who commit crimes: independent of moral judgement, punishment can still serve to modify a persons behaviour. Another point of view is that if determinism is true, and free will is not, then morality and ethics are meaningless concepts. Morality and ethics require that a choice can be made in order for these concepts to have any meaning. But if a person has no choice, in the case of a deterministic world with no free will, then it does not make sense to say whether individuals can make more (or less) ethical or moral choices, because there are no options available to them except the one they must deterministically follow. I will use the words determinism and causality interchangeably to mean approximately the same thing, with determinism referring to the more general state of the world and causality referring to more specific causal relationships. On the other hand, Sam has argued that morality can be studied scientifically. This would require operationally defining morality (Harris suggests a definition akin to a behaviors probability of maximizing human wellbeing but the definition itself is not the focus of his argument). Harris goes on to suggest that, given that human brains have certain properties, we could go on to identify objectively superior moral frameworks; that is, multiple optimized ethical systems may emerge that satisfy our definition of moral.

Slavery In 19c :: Slavery Essays

Slavery in 19th Century   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A justified institution as the 19th century emerged; the infamous institution of slavery grew rapidly and produced some surprising controversy and rash justification. Proslavery, Southern whites used social, political, and economical justification in their arguments defining the institution as a source of positive good, a legal definition, and as an economic stabilizer. The proslavery supporters often used moral and biblical rationalization through a religious foundation in Christianity and supported philosophic ideals in Manifest Destiny to vindicated slavery as a profitable investment. They also examined the idea of popular sovereignty and the expansion of slavery in territorial plans like the Kansas-Nebraska scheme to support their arguments. The proslavery advocates even went far enough to include the constitution as a fair legal justification for their practices. Clear-cut attempts to bend the rules on the legality of slavery in documents like the Lecompton C onstitution made some rationalizations look weak and rash in concept. With the South’s slavery dependent and fragile economy, Southerners were ready to fight for their survival with whatever means were necessary. Proslavery whites launched a defensive against slavery, which explained the â€Å"peculiar institution† as a positive good, supported, in fact, by the sacred words of the Bible and the philosophy of the wise Aristotle. The moral and biblical justification surrounding their belief that the relations between slave and man, however admitting to deplore abused in it, was compatible with Christianity, and that the presence of Africans on American soil was an occasion of gratitude on the slave’s behalf before God. Basically, the slaves should have been grateful for their bondage. Plantation owners even stressed religion by teaching the slaves the principles of Christianity and by brainwashing the slaves into thinking they were blessed by God to be given a mas ter who cares for them and a Christian family to live with. In accordance with religion, proslavery Southerners used the idea of Manifest Destiny. The belief that God predestined the United States for a hemispheric career to defend their fragile position by explaining that slavery promoted territorial expansion, thus adhering to the expansionist principles of Manifest Destiny and promoting slavery as a positive good. Southerners used this argument timely right in the middle of an era of domestic expansion led by President Pierce and supported by people like Stephen Douglass. Douglass proposed the controversial Kansas-Nebraska act a plan to resolve a sectional imbalance in newly surveyed territory, which directly relied on the idea of popular sovereignty to be compromised.

Induction of Employees Essay

Starting a new job is stressful for most employees because of the initial feeling of being out of place and under pressure to make a positive impression to fellow co-workers and managers. It is therefore important that all new employees are made to feel welcome and valued and are also made aware of what is expected of them during their employment (Macdonald 2004, p. 104). Induction is regarded as the final stage of recruitment and selection but the first phase in the training and development of new employees. Induction is the process of familiarizing new employees to the company and their jobs with the aim of giving the employees a proper understanding of how things are done. Induction also known as orientation serves the purpose of providing a transition for the employee from college to work life. Since most employees start their work with a desire to succeed, induction programs offer the opportunity for them to achieve this (Compton and Nankervis 2009). Ideally an induction program involves a tour of the building showing the fire exit points, toilets, meeting and break rooms, important offices like the CEO’s office, supplies office and the Human Resources Department. The induction program will be determined by the type of job, cultural practices and structure of the organization. Induction for smaller companies might even involve a conversation with the Human Resources Manager while that for large organizations might involve several weeks of training and supervision (Compton and Nankervis, 2009). During the recruiting process, new recruits always have high expectations about their new jobs and the company. They might also have unrealistic expectations which might not be met leading the recruits to have feelings of dissatisfaction and anxiety. In general, unmet expectations lead to employee dissatisfaction which in turn leads to high employee turnover (Werner and DeSimone 2009). Some companies do not view the orientation of employees into an organization as important. Some take it as a waste of time and they therefore conduct the programs in a haphazard way. Others might not have the programs at all which will result in the employee going straight into the job without any idea on what to do. The induction of employees has benefits such as reduced employee turnover, lower recruitment and selection costs, increase in employee morale. It also reduces the anxiety levels of employees. Overly anxious employees might increase costs in the area of education and development, turnover and absenteeism (Compton and Nankervis 2009). In today’s competitive working environment, orientation programs are not meeting the goals they were designed for. The reason these programs fall short is due to lack of planning, lack of expectations and the feeling of disillusionment by most employees. Attracting qualified workers includes offering higher salaries, better benefits and career advancement opportunities. With such increased costs, retention of employees becomes the main focus of a company instead of production (Squidoo 2010). Mistakes that are made during the induction process include activities such as bombarding new recruits with a lot of information on the first day and expecting them to memorize it, showing boring or outdated orientation videos, giving lengthy lectures about irrelevant information and failing to provide the new worker with a work station that has necessary facilities such as a computer, phone, printer and internet connection. Some employers also fail to give out any work leading the recruits to sit idle for most of the day (Squidoo 2010). The most frequent complaints about employee orientation programs is that they are overwhelming to the new employee thereby not providing the smooth transition that is needed to begin working. It becomes overwhelming especially if there is a test or quiz at the end of the program which requires the new recruits to remember all the information they have just been presented with. This adds on more pressure to the already anxious worker. Most Human Resource Managers involve a lot of paperwork on the first day especially if the information required has a deadline. They might require the employee to fill in forms with regards to their pay, compensation and benefits. There might also be contractual paperwork which the employee has to go through and sign. This process might take a lot of time and there might be some issues which the employee does not understand and there is no one around to clarify (Werner and DeSimone 2006). Other shortfalls of induction programs are the fact that there is a lot of one way communication instead of two way communication. The program coordinator usually fails to involve the recruits in the exercise which explains why it ends up being boring. Encouraging participation will ensure the program is lively and runs smoothly. The programs also fail to evaluate the recruits properly. Most induction coordinators use tests or quizzes as methods of evaluating the employees which are not the best. This puts on more pressure and anxiety to the employee who is already too anxious. Induction programs also lack follow-up in some companies meaning once they are done the employees are all on their own. This is especially the case if the program runs for only one day. Assigning mentors ensures that they have someone to turn to in the event they face a problem while carrying out their jobs (Werner and DeSimone 2006). Swinton (2005) provides examples of induction plans that fail in their intended purpose. Such an example is the pitiful induction plan where there is basically no induction program that has been prepared. According to her the new recruit will be lucky to have his own workspace or have co-workers introduce themselves to him or her. Since there is no effort for orientation, the recruit finds it hard to put in effort in their work especially when they do not know what to do and how to do it. Another example of a failed plan is the mediocre induction plan where the coordinator uses past orientation material that is outdated and irrelevant to conduct the program. This plan also uses very detailed information which proves to be overwhelming, cumbersome and boring to the new recruits. Some also use financial reports, health records and company reports as a way of informing the employees about the new company (Swinton 2005). Having other workers conduct the orientation program has its benefits as well as disadvantages. While the worker gets the actual feel of how the job is done, they are more prone to bad influence from the workers inducting them. Bad influence comes in the form of misuse of office supplies, taking extended breaks, coming late to work and leaving early before the recommended time. Those employees who do not undergo proper induction learn by observing what their fellow co-workers do. This might be to their detriment as they are more likely to pick up bad habits from co-workers who come to work late and spent a small amount of time in a day doing actual work. Induction programs that are not conducted properly end up being a waste of time and resources for both the employer and the employee. The quality of the staff induction program says a lot about a company and how important it views its employees. Employees will work harder for a company that shows it values them by providing quality induction programs. Companies should put in the same effort they do to induction programs when they create programs for attracting and retaining customers.

Neolithic Revolution Paper Essay Example

Neolithic Revolution Paper Essay Example Neolithic Revolution Paper Essay Neolithic Revolution Paper Essay The Neolithic revolution paved the way for modern humans to advance in all aspects of daily life. During the Paleolithic era early humans lived nomadic life styles and traveled with their extended family. If early humans hadnt stumbled upon far mining we wouldnt have the social, economic, or religious foundations needed to form a civilization. But the discovery of a greater food source doesnt necessarily mea n better lives for everyone. Agriculture has its downsides and lead to slavery, patriarch y, and the modification of nature. The discovery of agriculture culminated the path to m Idem humans to become an advanced civilization. When early humans began to farm it created a social structure for present civilizations (Crash Course). Social structures are social organizations based o n similar characteristics between different relationships. These social structures began Neolithic towns such as Mesopotamia in which when people began to farm it I dead to a food surplus. Mesopotamia was located between the Euphrates and Tigris rive errs and is an excellent example of an early Neolithic town(Crash Course). People often g ether around reliable resources which is why you see so many civilizations around r Fivers (Acknowledge). But farming is a really complicated activity. So hard that pee people began to enslave other human beings and use them to create a free human la four force (Crash Course). This created a social hierarchy in Mesopotamia in which the SSL eaves are at the bottom of the chain and kings were at the top (Hierarchy Structure). Buy tin foraging societies they lived in isolated regions and had nomadic lifestyles. The eye lived wherever it was rich in game and had affordable foods (Acknowledge). The discovery of farming eventually lead to job specialization.

buy custom Fascinating Nursing Essay Example on Passive Euthanasia

buy custom Fascinating Nursing Essay Example on Passive Euthanasia Nursing Essay Example on Passive Euthanasia Abstract The problem of euthanasia occupies an important place among the many medical, legal, and religious issues. Because human life is a core value of the modern civilization, the problem of euthanasia has acquired especially high significance nowadays. Value of human life in relation to all legal and moral realities raises many social or legal problems (for example, the admissibility of the death penalty, abortion, or human cloning) in one or another aspect affecting the right for life to the rank of global problems of the present. Events of the past few years only prove the unchanging importance of the issue of euthanasia. In 2005, people of the United States engaged in the debate considering the death of Terri Schiavo, who was in coma induced by clinical death and subsequent irreversible brain damage for 15 years. According to the Courts of the State of Florida decision made by the suit of Terris husband, Michael Schiavo, she was disconnected from the artificial feeding apparatus that r esulted in her death.

Separation of powers in Malaysia and United Kingdom Essay

Separation of powers in Malaysia and United Kingdom - Essay Example House of Lords mainly consists of minorities of the hereditary peers which mainly are life members appointed by Crown and Archbishops and Bishops of the Church of England. Under the constitutional reforms of 2005, Lords of Appeal in ordinary who have been members of the House of Lords will no longer be entitled to further sit in the Lords. The judiciary includes the judges in the courts of law and those holding judicial offices in tribunals and the magistrates who work in the magistrate’s courts. Senior appointments to the judiciary are appointed by the Crown (Trone 312). The function of the judiciary is to interpret the legislation in line with the intention of the parliament and develop the common law. Under the constitution, the judges are subordinate to parliament and have no right to challenge the legislation of parliament like the validity of Acts of parliament. Judges are barred from vying for elective positions under the House of Commons disqualification act of 1975. T he Constitutional reforms act of 2005 criticized the work of the House of Lords chancellor sine he could appoint the judges and played a central political role in the government. Chancellor presided the House of Lords as the speaker therefore playing a legislative role. The roles were criticized since they contravened the doctrine of separation of powers by concentrating the executive, judiciary and parliamentary functions in one person. In the case of McGonnell V. United Kingdom (2000) the European court of human rights ruled that the right of fair trial was violated by participation of the Deputy Bailiff who was both a member of Court and member of the legislature at the same time. This saw the reformation of the office of the Lord Chancellor (Shar 45). Malaysia The government structure of... The paper tells that under the British constitution, there is no strict separation of powers but there is a system of check and balances which ensure the powers are not abused. The fundamental purpose of the doctrine of separation of powers is to ensure powers are not abused and the civil rights and liberties of the citizens are protected. Under a written constitution, the powers are distributed to the various institutions will be strictly defined. In United Kingdom, Judges in the high courts exercise their independence in according to Act of settlement 1700 which protects their tenure in office and guards their independence from executive and legislative influence. The judges enjoy immunity from legal proceedings in their functions even if they make defamatory statements during the court proceedings. In Malaysia, the judges do not exercise their judicial independence since they are appointed by the executive. The right to exercise their judicial powers in delivering the judgments ha s been limited by the constitution. Both countries have two levels of government. The separation of powers is clear in United Kingdom though it may be entrenched in the constitution. The separation of powers ensures each organ of government does not abuse its powers. In Malaysia, there is no separation of powers since executive is more powerful than the other arms of the government. The judicial independence and powers are limited by the constitution in Malaysia. In Malaysia, the parliament has been used to rubber stamp the decisions of the executive since the Prime Minister comes from the party with majority members in parliament.

Youth and Problem Gambling in Australia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Youth and Problem Gambling in Australia - Essay Example Gambling is so prevalent that in 1993 alone, Australians spent 6 billion dollars, more or less, on lotteries, horse racing, gaming and other forms of gambling. Most states not only tolerate it, but profits from shares of revenues of these gambling outfits. Gambling’s wide acceptance in the Australian culture and its availability encourage youth gambling (Moore & Ohtsuka 2002, pp. 429-430). Moreover, high gaming and wagering opportunities mostly account for youth gambling in Australia. These opportunities take the form of EGMs that can be found in hotels and clubs in most states except in Western Australia, casinos, and games of chance like X-lotto, Tattslotto, Powerball, Keno, scratch-tickets and Bingo, some of which are sponsored by state governments. In addition, advances in technology open another opportunities for youth participation in gambling and wagering. These new technologies include the internet and mobile telephony. On the other hand, some events that provide gambl ing and wagering opportunities, such as such as sports bar, specifically target the youth as its niche market (South Australian Centre for Economic Studies 2003, p. 1). In 2000, a study was made on 505 Australian youths aged 15 to 17. It was found that 60% of these youth gambled periodically, with 3.5% of them characterised as problem gamblers. On the whole, the study revealed that they had a predilection towards gambling as evinced by their attitude towards gambling, intention to gamble and actual participation. A positive attitude towards gambling was influenced by family, society and peers whilst frequent gambling was associated with parental and peer gambling. It was also revealed that youths whose parents taught them the value of money (budgeting and... In Australia, gambling is a popular and accepted form of pastime and is considered well-entrenched in the Australian culture. Gambling is so prevalent that in 1993 alone, Australians spent 6 billion dollars, more or less, on lotteries, horse racing, gaming and other forms of gambling. Most states not only tolerate it, but profits from shares of revenues of these gambling outfits. Gambling’s wide acceptance in the Australian culture and its availability encourage youth gambling. Moreover, high gaming and wagering opportunities mostly account for youth gambling in Australia.On the other hand, some events that provide gambling and wagering opportunities, such as such as sports bar, specifically target the youth as its niche market. Gambling is well-entrenched in the Australian culture, but gambling really flourished in the 1990s with the introduction of modern EGMs and the proliferation of huge casinos all over the country. Gambling is now considered a growth industry in Australia bringing revenues not only to private operators but to the government as well. The downside, however, to this growth industry are the twin problems of youth and problem gambling that are now slowly emerging in the horizon. Although problem gambling affects only a negligible number of persons, its dispersive nature logically involves more persons than the problem gamblers themselves. On the other hand, youth gambling is closely linked to problem gambling because studies have indicated that most problem gamblers belong to the 18 to 30 age groups, which naturally leads one to conclude that for these people, gambling must have started at a really young age. Studies, which have pegged the crucial age at, as young as, ten, have confirmed th is theory. Youth gambling is closely linked to familial, societal and peer influences.